Objective  To investigate the neuropsychological development of premature infants and its influencing factors, and to provide guidance for the health care of premature infants.

  Methods  A self-made questionnaire was used to follow up 417 premature infants at corrected age of 6 months, neuropsychological development was assessed by neuropsychological and behavioral examination scale for children aged 0 year to 6 years. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors.

  Results  The total developmental quotient of neuropsychological development in preterm infants was (95.12±9.22), which was in the medium level. There were developmental disorders in the five functional areas, including gross motor (2.40%), fine motor (5.04%), adaptive ability (1.68%), language (2.64%) and social behavior (2.16%). A total of 62 cases (14.87%) of preterm infants showed developmental disorder or critical low level in one or more functional areas at the corrected age of 6 months. The gestational age of more than 34 weeks, birth weight ≥2 000 g, non-scar uterus in mother, high education level of mother, regular follow-up of outpatients had higher development quotient(P < 0.05). Gestational age, birth weight, corrected 6-month-old body length and regular follow-up in outpatient department were the factors affecting the total neuropsychological developmental quotient of preterm infants.

  Conclusion  Enhanced maternal scientific health and nutrition support during pregnancy, reduced birth of infants with low body weight and low gestational age, strengthened regular follow-up, and promoted the neuropsychological development of premature infants should be performed.