Abstract: Proliferative vitreoretinal (PVR) is a serious complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and its postoperative development. The mechanism of PVR has not been fully elucidated, which mainly involves the activation and excessive proliferation of various retinal cells. At present, the treatment method of PVR is single, and surgery is the main treatment for PVR. However, surgery cannot prevent and stop excessive cell proliferation in the eyes, so it is urgent to explore different treatment methods. In this paper, the mechanism of action of different retinal cells in the process of PVR and the progress of its animal models were summarized, in order to provide a basis for exploring different therapeutic methods.