Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of modified Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction in postoperation of anorectal surgery. Methods Fifty patients with anorectal diseases after undergoing anorectal surgery were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The control group received the antibiotics therapy postoperation, while the observation group was given modified Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction. The treatment course in both groups lasted for 5 days. The temperature, inflammatory indexes, results of wound secretion cultivation and total cost of two groups were assessed. Results After one course of treatment, body temperature in two groups showed significant difference(P<0.05); white blood cell count(WBC), red blood cell count(RBC), neutrophils(NEU), and C reactive protein(CRP)after one course of treatment of two groups showed significant differences compared with treatment before(P<0.05), but no between-group differences were found(P>0.05). The results of bacteria cultivation showed that the negative rate was 56.00% in the observation group and 60.00% in the control group, but no significant difference between the two groups was found(P>0.05). The average cost of treatment in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Modified Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction can effectively control postoperative infection, reduce the hospitalization cost and control the rise of body temperature.