Mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia: emerging mechanisms and therapeutic implications in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, and its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia serves as a crucial factor in the onset and progression of PD, with studies on mitochondrial disorders playing a vital role in elucidating the pathogenesis of PD. A profound understanding of the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and microglia activation in PD is of great significance for unraveling the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of PD. This review summarized the research progress on the roles of mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders, dynamic imbalance, autophagy defects, and mitochondrial transfer in the activation of microglia in PD.