Morphological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma tumor margin: a crucial factor in clinical treatment decision-making and prognostic assessment

The morphological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor margins are pivotal in influencing patient's prognosis and the selection of therapeutic strategies. This paper reviewed the classification methods of HCC tumor margins, ranging from traditional macroscopic classifications to refined classification systems based on multi-omics analysis, and analyzed the role of these classification methods in guiding the formulation of personalized treatment plans. Additionally, this paper emphasized the crucial role of three-dimensional imaging techniques in assessing tumor margin morphology and outlined future research directions, including validating the effectiveness of multi-omics classification systems and developing new imaging and molecular biomarkers to achieve more precise treatment plans and prolong patient survival.