Comparison of laryngeal mask airway anesthesia and endotracheal intubation anesthesia in interventional occlusion for young-age patients with congenital heart disease

Objective To compare the application effects of laryngeal mask airway anesthesia and endotracheal intubation anesthesia in interventional occlusion for young-age patients with congenital heart disease. Methods A total of 102 young-age patients with congenital heart disease undergoing interventional occlusion were enrolled and randomly divided into control group and observation group using a random number table method, with 51 patients in each group. The control group received endotracheal intubation anesthesia, while the observation group received sevoflurane anesthesia via laryngeal mask airway. The awakening time, extubation time, incidence of laryngeal spasm, and incidence of lung infection were compared between the two groups. Additionally, hemodynamic parameters heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxidative stress indicators malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and myocardial injury indicators creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) levels at different time points were compared. Results The observation group had shorter awakening time and extubation time, and lower incidence of lung infection and laryngeal spasm compared with the control group (P<0.05). Before anesthesia (T₀), there were no statistically significant differences in HR, MAP, MDA, SOD, CK-MB, and H-FABP levels between the two groups (P>0.05). During laryngeal mask insertion or intubation (T₁), during arteriovenous puncture (T₂), and immediately after occluder placement (T₃), the observation group had lower HR, MAP, CK-MB, and H-FABP levels compared with the control group (P<0.05). At T₁, T₂, and T₃, the MDA levels in both groups were higher than that at T₀, and the SOD levels were lower than that at T₀; however, the observation group had lower MDA levels and higher SOD levels compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with endotracheal intubation anesthesia, sevoflurane anesthesia via laryngeal mask airway has a better application effect in interventional occlusion for young-age patients with congenital heart disease, thereby effectively maintaining intraoperative hemodynamic stability, shortening awakening time and extubation time, and exhibiting higher safety.