Influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 42 679 preschool children in Chengdu City of Sichuan Province and investigation as well as research on its status

Objective  To analyze the influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in preschool children in Chengdu City of Sichuan Province and its current situation.

Methods  A total of 153 preschool children from 23 districts (cities and counties) in Chengdu City of Sichuan Province from March to April 2021 were selected in the study, and a self-administered questionnaire was completed by the guardians of the kindergarten children. Influencing factors were analyzed using chi-square test and unconditional Logistic regression analysis.

Results  A total of 42, 679 children were included in this study. The detection rate of ADHD and obesity among preschool children in Chengdu was 2.4% and 17.4%, respectively. The results of the univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the detection rates of children ADHD in different gender, parents education, annual family income, presence or absence of sleep problems and eating problems (χ²=358.97, 40.49, 42.56, 45.96, 496.99, 593.63, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression results showed that for maternal education of bachelor′s degree or higher and high annual family income (100 thousand to < 200 thousand yuan RMB or 200 thousand to 500 thousand yuan RMB) were protective factors for boys with ADHD (OR=0.71, 0.73, 0.55, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and sleep problems, eating problems, and obesity were their risk factors for ADHD (OR=2.74, 4.43 and 1.24, respectively). For girls, sleep problems and eating problems were risk factors for ADHD (OR=2.44 and 2.83, respectively, P < 0.01), while obesity was a protective factor(OR=0.16, P < 0.01).

Conclusion  The detection rate of ADHD in boys is higher in preschool boys in Chengdu City of Sichuan Province than that of girls. Mother′s education level, family annual income, sleep problems, eating problems and obesity are the influencing factors for the occurrence of ADHD in boys, and sleep problems, eating problems and obesity are the influencing factors for the development of ADHD in girls.