Abstract: Bladder dysfunction following traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a crucial factor affecting the quality of life in patients with TSCI. Hypoxia and oxidative stress are likely significant contributors to detrusor muscle damage after TSCI. A substantial body of research has confirmed that lipid peroxidation plays a pivotal role in various diseases associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress. By reviewing relevant literature, this article provided an overview of potential causes of lipid peroxidation in bladder tissue after spinal cord injury and the prospects for targeting lipid peroxidation in the treatment of bladder dysfunction following spinal cord injury.