Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common tumors worldwide. Despite significant progress in diagnosis and treatment, the incidence and mortality rates remain high due to its highly invasive and metastatic characteristics. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) is an atypical globin transcription factor-1 (GATA). It plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation and tissue growth. Studies have found that TRPS1 is significantly overexpressed in breast cancer and closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis. TRPS1 is specifically expressed in the ductal epithelial cells of breast tissue and closely associated with the differentiation of breast ducts. In recent years, scholars have mainly focused on the role and mechanisms of TRPS1 in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. This review summarized the research progress of TRPS1 in breast cancer, aiming to further analyze its clinical application value in the occurrence, development, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer.