脑卒中患者主要照顾者焦虑、抑郁对社会支持与倦怠的影响

王丽君; 甘茹; 刘晓慧; 王慧娟; 高海花; 杨小萍; 袁佳琳; 陈苗苗

doi:10.7619/jcmp.20243856

脑卒中患者主要照顾者焦虑、抑郁对社会支持与倦怠的影响

Effects of anxiety and depression among primary caregivers of stroke patients in social support and burnout

摘要

摘要:
目的探讨焦虑、抑郁在脑卒中患者主要照顾者社会支持和倦怠间的中介作用。
方法采用便利抽样法选取506例脑卒中患者主要照顾者为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、脑卒中患者照顾者倦怠量表、多维领悟社会支持量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表进行调查。
结果脑卒中患者主要照顾者倦怠总分、社会支持总分、焦虑总分、抑郁总分分别为(72.83±14.32)、(47.79±7.74)、(10.49±3.00)、(10.45±3.06)分; 相关性分析结果显示，脑卒中患者主要照顾者倦怠与社会支持呈负相关(r=-0.245, P < 0.001), 与焦虑、抑郁分别呈正相关(r=0.178、0.216, P < 0.001); 焦虑、抑郁在脑卒中患者主要照顾者社会支持与倦怠之间起部分中介效应，分别占总效应的7.9%、10.7%。
结论社会支持、焦虑、抑郁与倦怠关系密切，社会支持可直接或间接通过焦虑、抑郁影响倦怠的发生。医护人员应重视脑卒中患者主要照顾者的焦虑、抑郁状态，可通过提升社会支持水平以减轻焦虑、抑郁，从而降低其倦怠的发生率。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the mediating role of anxiety and depression in social support and burnout among primary caregivers of stroke patients.
Methods A convenience sampling method was employed to select 506 primary caregivers of stroke patients as research subjects. The General Information Questionnaire, Caregiver Burnout Inventory for Stroke Patients, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used for data collection.
Results The total scores for caregiver burnout, social support, anxiety, and depression among primarycaregivers of stroke patients were (72.83±14.32), (47.79±7.74), (10.49±3.00), and (10.45±3.06), respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between caregiver burnout and social support (r=-0.245, P < 0.001), and positive correlations with anxiety and depression (r=0.178, 0.216, P < 0.001). Anxiety and depression partially mediated the relationship between social support and caregiver burnout, accounting for 7.9% and 10.7% of the total effect, respectively.
Conclusion Social support, anxiety, depression, and burnout are closely interrelated. Social support can directly or indirectly influence the occurrence of burnoutthrough anxiety and depression. Medical staff should pay attention to the anxiety and depression status of primary caregivers of stroke patients and enhance social support levels to reduce the incidence of burnout by alleviating anxiety and depression.

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