Abstract: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play crucial roles in cell development, differentiation, and proliferation, serving as one of key molecules in regulating gene expression. Studies have shown that abnormal expression of lncRNAs is closely associated with the onset, malignant progression, and metastasis of various tumors. Prostate cancer associated transcript 1 (PCAT1), as an important member of lncRNA, has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in multiple cancers and involved in multiple biological regulatory processes, thereby promoting cancer development. This article reviewed the roles, mechanisms, and regulatory targets of lncRNA PCAT1 in cancer initiation and progression, aiming to provide a reference for subsequent research.