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血培养常见病原菌耐药率与抗菌药物用药频度的相关性分析

Correlation between drug resistance rate of common pathogens in blood culture and the frequency of antimicrobial drug use

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析河北北方学院附属第一医院2019—2021年住院患者血培养常见病原菌耐药率与抗菌药物用药频度(DDDs)的相关性。
    方法 收集2019—2021年住院患者血培养阳性样本中分离的菌株，另收集同期血培养阳性患者的抗菌药物使用数据，采用WHONET 5.6软件和Pearson相关分析法探讨病原菌耐药率与抗菌药物DDDs的相关性。
    结果 2019—2021年血培养阳性者共计916人次, DDDs排序前列的抗菌药物中，头孢唑啉、头孢呋辛、头孢他啶的DDDs均呈逐年上升趋势(2021年相较2019年的上升幅度分别为38.8%、228.3%、87.1%)。2019—2021年血培养阳性样本中共分离出病原菌739株，数量排名前5位的病原菌分别为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌，分别占37.2%、16.1%、8.1%、7.4%、6.5%。大肠埃希菌对头孢唑啉、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、多黏菌素B的耐药率与其DDDs均呈正相关(r=0.961、0.907、0.988、0.997, P < 0.05); 肺炎克雷伯菌对哌拉西林、头孢唑啉、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、氨曲南、亚胺培南、美罗培南、左氧氟沙星、多黏菌素B的耐药率与其DDDs均呈正相关(r=0.766、0.772、0.838、0.667、0.734、0.821、0.904、0.980、0.997, P < 0.05); 铜绿假单胞菌对庆大霉素的耐药率与其DDDs呈正相关(r=0.878, P < 0.05); 鲍曼不动杆菌对莫西沙星的耐药率与其DDDs呈正相关(r=0.856, P < 0.05); 金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌对大部分常用抗菌药物的耐药率与抗菌药物DDDs均无相关性(P>0.05)。
    结论 河北北方学院附属第一医院2019—2021年住院患者的血流感染病原菌复杂多样(以革兰氏阴性菌为主)，病原菌耐药率总体呈上升趋势，且大多数病原菌的耐药率与抗菌药物DDDs存在相关性。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze the correlation between the drug resistance rate of common pathogens in blood culture of inpatients from the First Hospital Affiliated to Hebei North University from 2019 to 2021 and the frequency of antimicrobial drug use (DDDs).
    Methods Strains isolated from positive blood cultures of inpatients from 2019 to 2021 were collected, and data on antimicrobial drug use in patients with positive blood cultures during the same period were also collected. WHONET 5.6 software and Pearson correlation analysis were used to explore the correlation between pathogenic bacterial resistance rate and antimicrobial DDDs.
    Results A total of 916 samples tested positive in blood cultures from 2019 to 2021. Among the top antimicrobial drugs in DDDs, the DDDs of cefazolin, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime all showed an upward trend year by year (the increase from 2019 to 2021 was 38.8%, 228.3%, and 87.1%, respectively). A total of 739 pathogenic bacteria strains were isolated from positive blood culture samples from 2019 to 2021, and the top five pathogenic bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accounting for 37.2%, 16.1%, 8.1%, 7.4%, and 6.5%, respectively. The drug resistance rates of Escherichia coli to cefazolin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and polymyxin B were positively correlated with their DDDs (r=0.961, 0.907, 0.988, 0.997, P < 0.05). The drug resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to piperacillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefepime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, levofloxacin, and polymyxin B were positively correlated with their DDDs (r=0.766, 0.772, 0.838, 0.667, 0.734, 0.821, 0.904, 0.980, 0.997, P < 0.05). The drug resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to gentamicin was positively correlated with their DDDs (r=0.878, P < 0.05). The drug resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to moxifloxacin was positively correlated with its DDDs (r=0.856, P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between the drug resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis to most commonly used antimicrobial drugs and antimicrobial DDDs (P>0.05).
    Conclusion The pathogenic bacteria causing bloodstream infections in inpatients at the First Hospital Affiliated to Hebei North University from 2019 to 2021 are complex and diverse (mainly Gram-negative bacteria). The overall drug resistance rate of pathogenic bacteria shows an upward trend, and there is a correlation between the drug resistance rates of most pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial DDDs.

     

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