Objective To investigate the relationships of glucose metabolism with sex hormones and endometrial receptivity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) at childbearing age.

Methods Glucose metabolism indexes, sex hormone indexes and endometrial receptivity related indexes were detected in 90 PCOS patients (study group) at childbearing age and 90 healthy people (control group) at childbearing age. According to condition of endometrial receptivity, the PCOS patients were divided into poor receptivity group (n=28) and good receptivity group (n=62), and the influencing factors of endometrial receptivity in PCOS patients were analyzed. Pearson method was used to analyze the relationships of glucose metabolism indexes with sex hormone indexes and endometrial receptivity related indexes.

Results In the study group, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), progesterone (P), estradiol (E₂), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of endometrial spiral artery were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the endometrial thickness of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that T (OR=2.593), FINS (OR=2.898), HOMA-IR (OR=3.277), P (OR=4.362), E₂ (OR=2.392) and endometrial thickness (OR=0.485) were the factors of poor endometrial receptivity in patients with PCOS (P < 0.05). FINS and HOMA-IR showed significant positive correlations with LH, T as well as PI and RI of the endometrial spiral artery (P < 0.05), and a significant negative correlation with endometrial thickness (P < 0.05).

Conclusion PCOS patients have glucose metabolism and sex hormones disorders as well as impaired endometrial receptivity, and FINS and HOMA-IR are closely related to sex hormones and endometrial receptivity related indicators.