Abstract: At present, the incidence rate and mortality of early-onset colorectal cancer (< 50 years old) are on the rise, and the most patients have the characteristics of diagnosis with advanced stage, poor therapeutic effect and prognosis. This paper reviewed researches at home and abroad on the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and latest screening methods of early-onset colorectal cancer, explored the importance of early screening in the prevention and treatment of early-onset colorectal cancer in order to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of early-onset colorectal cancer.