Objective To analyze the influencing factors and principal components of care needs outside hospital for acute leukemia patients with chemotherapy.

Methods A total of 240 acute leukemia patients with chemotherapy in authors' hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected as research objects, and the patients were divided into no demand group and unsatisfied group according to score of the Supportive Care Needs Questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was used to collect the related materials of patients; the influencing factors were analyzed by Logistic regression coefficient; the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the principal components of influencing factors.

Results A total of 240 patients completed the Supportive Care Needs Questionnaire assessment, of which 132 cases (55.00%) had a need for health information, 121 cases (50.42%) had a need for care and support, 101 cases (42.08%) had a need for psychology, 86 cases (35.83%) had a need for physiology and daily life, and 31 cases (12.92%) had a need for sexual support. There were significant differences in gender, age, educational level, average household income and payment method between the two groups (P < 0.05); there were significant differences in the course of disease, patterns of activity and comorbidity of symptoms between the two groups (P < 0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, education level, payment method, average household income, course of disease, patterns of activity and comorbidity of symptoms were the influencing factors of care needs (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis extracted three principal components: payment method, syndrome merging status, anddisease course, with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.556%.

Conclusion Acute leukemia patients have the highest proportion of health information needs and the lowest proportion of sexual support needs. Payment methods, comorbidity of symptoms and the course of disease show significant impacts on the care needs of patients.