Abstract: Aplastic anemia (AA) is characterized by decreased blood cell count and ineffective hematopoiesis, mainly manifested as anemia, infection and bleeding, with the features of rapid onset, severe disease condition, and fast progression. At present, the research hotspots of AA treatment are mainly focused on promotion of hematopoietic function recovery, immune reconstruction, and improvement of prognosis and survival. This study provided an overview of the new advances in the treatment of AA based on domestic and foreign literatures.