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四川省成都市42 679名学龄前儿童中注意缺陷多动障碍现状调研及影响因素分析

Influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 42 679 preschool children in Chengdu City of Sichuan Province and investigation as well as research on its status

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的  分析四川省成都市学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的现状及影响因素。
    方法  抽取2021年3—4月四川省成都市23个区(市、县)的153家托幼机构的学龄前儿童作为研究对象，采用自编调查问卷进行调查(儿童监护人填写问卷)，并采用χ2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析方法分析儿童发生ADHD的影响因素。
    结果  本研究共纳入42 679名儿童，成都市学龄前儿童ADHD检出率为2.4%，肥胖检出率为17.4%。单因素分析结果显示，不同性别、不同父亲文化程度、不同母亲文化程度、不同家庭年收入、有无睡眠问题、有无进食问题的儿童ADHD检出率比较，差异有统计学意义(χ2=358.97、40.49、42.56、45.96、496.99、593.63, P < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，母亲文化程度本科及以上、家庭年收入高(10万~ < 20万元人民币、20万~50万元人民币)是男童发生ADHD的保护因素(OR=0.71、0.73、0.55, P < 0.05或P < 0.01), 有睡眠问题、有进食问题、肥胖是男童发生ADHD的危险因素(OR=2.74、4.43、1.24, P < 0.05或P < 0.01); 有睡眠问题、有进食问题是女童发生ADHD的危险因素(OR=2.44、2.83, P < 0.01), 肥胖是女童发生ADHD的保护因素(OR=0.16, P < 0.01)。
    结论  四川省成都市学龄前男童的ADHD检出率高于学龄前女童，母亲文化程度、家庭年收入、睡眠问题、进食问题、肥胖是男童发生ADHD的影响因素，睡眠问题、进食问题、肥胖是女童发生ADHD的影响因素。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective  To analyze the influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in preschool children in Chengdu City of Sichuan Province and its current situation.
    Methods  A total of 153 preschool children from 23 districts (cities and counties) in Chengdu City of Sichuan Province from March to April 2021 were selected in the study, and a self-administered questionnaire was completed by the guardians of the kindergarten children. Influencing factors were analyzed using chi-square test and unconditional Logistic regression analysis.
    Results  A total of 42, 679 children were included in this study. The detection rate of ADHD and obesity among preschool children in Chengdu was 2.4% and 17.4%, respectively. The results of the univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the detection rates of children ADHD in different gender, parents education, annual family income, presence or absence of sleep problems and eating problems (χ2=358.97, 40.49, 42.56, 45.96, 496.99, 593.63, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression results showed that for maternal education of bachelor′s degree or higher and high annual family income (100 thousand to < 200 thousand yuan RMB or 200 thousand to 500 thousand yuan RMB) were protective factors for boys with ADHD (OR=0.71, 0.73, 0.55, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and sleep problems, eating problems, and obesity were their risk factors for ADHD (OR=2.74, 4.43 and 1.24, respectively). For girls, sleep problems and eating problems were risk factors for ADHD (OR=2.44 and 2.83, respectively, P < 0.01), while obesity was a protective factor(OR=0.16, P < 0.01).
    Conclusion  The detection rate of ADHD in boys is higher in preschool boys in Chengdu City of Sichuan Province than that of girls. Mother′s education level, family annual income, sleep problems, eating problems and obesity are the influencing factors for the occurrence of ADHD in boys, and sleep problems, eating problems and obesity are the influencing factors for the development of ADHD in girls.

     

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