Objective To analyze the monitoring results of severe acute respiratory tract (SARI) cases hospitalized in the Second Hospital in Hefei City of Hefei Province from 2019 to 2021.

Methods Data of SARI patients from the respiratory, pediatric and intensive care departments in the inpatient department of the Second Hospital in Hefei City of Anhui Province from January 2019 to December 2021 were screened. Nasopharyngeal swabs, respiratory secretions of patients were collected to detect universal influenza virus A and B by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results From 2019 to 2021, a total of 934 SARI cases were monitored, accounting for 12.04% of the hospitalized cases in the same period in the monitoring department. The proportion of SARI in hospitalized cases was 10.62% in 2019, 14.90% in 2020 and 11.40% in 2021, respectively. In 2020, SARI patients accounted for a higher proportion. From 2019 to 2021, SARI cases were mainly concentrated in winter and spring, with children under 5 years of age, accounting for a large proportion (54.82%), with a male to female ratio of 1.66:1. The monitoring departments of SARI were department of pediatrics (82.12%), department of respiratory medicine (17.77%) and department of intensive care (0.11%). A total of 934 throat swab samples collected from 2019 to 2021 were tested in the laboratory, and 39 were positive, with a positive rate of 4.17%, the main type was type B Victoria system in 27 cases (69.23%). Pneumonia was the most common complication in SARI cases and positive infection patients. 99.36% of the 467 SARI patients with complications were cured or improved, while 99.57% of the patients without complications were cured or improved, showing no statistical difference between the two groups (P=1.000). The most common used drugs before sampling of SARI cases were antibiotics and neuraminidase inhibitors. In SARI cases, 98.66% of the patients who used antiviral drugs were cured or improved, while 99.53% of the patients who did not use antiviral drugs were cured or improved, which showed no statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.343).

Conclusion From 2019 to 2021, most of the SARS cases hospitalized in the Second Hospital Hefei City of Anhui Province are men, children and the elderly, and it has a high incidence in winter and spring. The main influenza strains are FluB in positive patients, and all patients have good prognosis.