Objective To observe the clinical effect of different non-invasive auxiliary ventilation modes combined with ambroxol in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).

Methods The clinical data of 120 premature infants with NRDS admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 2020 to March 2022 were analyzed. All of them were treated with non-invasive auxiliary ventilation on the basis of ambroxol, and were divided into nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) group and bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) group according to the ventilation modes, with 60 patients in each group. The artery blood gas analysis indexes of the two groups after 24 h after ventilation treatment as well as oxygen treatment time, hospital stay, non-invasive ventilation time and the incidence of complications were compared.

Results The arterial partial pressure of oxygenp_a(O₂)and oxygen index (OI) in the BiPAP group were higher than those in the nCPAP group, and the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide p_a(CO₂)was lower than that in the nCPAP group (P < 0.05). The duration of oxygen therapy and hospital stay in the BiPAP group were shorter than those in the nCPAP group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the duration of non-invasive ventilation between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the BiPAP group was lower than that in the nCPAP group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of pulmonary infection, intracranial hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), pneumothorax, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and tracheal intubation between two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion Compared with nCPAP combined with ambroxol, BiPAP combined with ambroxol applied in premature infants with NRDS respiratory support can more effectively improve the arterial blood gas level of premature infants, reduce the incidence of BPD and shorten the length of hospital stay.