Abstract: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is a rare, highly recurrent and disabling primary inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system. Recurrent neurological dysfunction in patients can gradually promote the accumulation of symptoms, and ultimately resulting in irreparable clinical outcomes. Therefore, prevention of recurrence has become a key factor in the treatment of NMOSD, and it is urgent to elucidate the characteristics and pathological mechanisms of recurrence. However, it is currently rarely known about the potential factors that affect the frequency, severity and form of recurrence in NMOSD patients. In this paper, the research progress on recurrence-related factors of NMOSD was reviewed in order to provide reference for recurrence assessment of NMOSD.