Abstract: The most common pathological type of lung cancer in China is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the development of precision medicine, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are widely used in the treatment of patients with malignant tumors, and greatly improve the prognosis and survival cycle of patients. Most of NSCLC patients have driver gene mutations. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), represented by programmed death molecule-1 (PD-1)/programmed death factor ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, have achieved good clinical results in treating advanced NSCLC patients with negative driver genes, and in some cases, it can be used as a standard regimen for first line and second line treatments. However, the application of ICIs therapy in NSCLC patients with positive driver genes is still controversial. This study analyzed the immune characteristics of NSCLC patients with positive driver gene and reviewed the application effect of ICIs therapy in treating NSCLC patients with positive driver genes.