Abstract: A large number of studies have shown that patients with diabetes are usually accompanied by metabolic disorder of lipids, which causes ectopic lipid deposition in the kidney. Excessive lipid accumulation in the renal tissue eventually leads to the formation of fatty kidney. Meanwhile, fatty kidney can induce oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction of the renal cells, causing renal lipid toxicity. Finally, it results in abnormal renal function and even renal failure. Therefore, recognition of adipose kidney and early identification of renal lipid deposition provides guidance in the prevention of renal pathological changes and abnormal renal function. However, the examination techniques of renal fat are mostly used in scientific research and less in clinical application. This paper briefly introduced the renal fat detection technology to provide reference for clinical application in the future.