Objective To observe the changes of complement C3, C4 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after atorvastatin treatment and analyze the related factors affecting the poor prognosis of patients.

Methods A total of 100 patients with CHD were selected as CHD group and randomly divided into atorvastatin group and control group, and another 100 healthy people in the same period were selected as healthy group. The levels of complement C3, C4, HDL-C, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C reactive protein (CRP) were compared among three groups, and the efficiency of complement C3, C4 and HDL-C in diagnosing CHD was analyzed; the multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of poor prognosis.

Results The levels of complement C3 and C4 in the CHD group were significantly higher than those in the healthy group, while the level of HDL-C was significantly lower than that in the healthy group (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of complement C3, C4 and HDL-C in the diagnosis of CHD were not lower than 80.00% and 75.00% respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was greater than 0.80. The total effective rate of the atorvastatin group was 86.00%, which was significantly higher than 68.00% of control group (P < 0.05). Levels of HDL-C at 1 month after treatment (T₂) and 2 months after treatment (T₃) in the atorvastatin group were significantly higher than that in the control group, while levels of IL-6 and CRP were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of poor prognosis in the atorvastatin group was 20.00% (10/50), which was significantly lower than 34.00% (17/50) in the control group (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of poor prognosis was significantly higher in severe patients in the atorvastatin group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis showed that severe status of disease severity was a risk factor for poor prognosis of CHD patients after atorvastatin treatment (P < 0.001).

Conclusion The levels of complement C3 and C4 in the CHD patients increase abnormally, while HDL-C level decreases abnormally; complement C3, C4 and HDL-C have high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CHD; atorvastatin treatment for CHD patients can improve the efficacy and HDL-C level, reduce the risks of inflammatory factors and poor prognosis, and the severity of the disease is an independent influencing factor for poor prognosis of CHD patients after atorvastatin treatment.