Abstract: Heart failure can induce atrial fibrillation by activating myocardial fibrosis, cardiac remodeling and renin-angiotension-aldosterone system (RAAS), and atrial electrical and structural remodeling can further aggravate heart failure. Inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and neuroendocrine imbalance make the coexistent status of failure and atrial fibrillation, and also involve substance metabolism, non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) expression and immune regulation mechanism.