Abstract: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes. In DPN studies, the median god is often the first choice for upper limb nerve research. At present, ultrasound has been gradually used in the diagnosis and treatment of DPN, and high-frequency ultrasound can show the changes of nerve course, internal structure and internal blood flow, and nerve shear wave elastography can provide information related to the biomechanical and elastic properties of nerves. This article reviewed the application progress of ultrasound in the diagnosis of diabetic median neuropathy, the differential diagnosis of DPN and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and the treatment of diabetic CTS.