Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors of digestive system, it has the characteristics of occult onset, rapid progression, high postoperative recurrence rate and high mortality, and has seriously threatened the lives and health of residents in China and even the world, which is a major medical problem that needs to be solved urgently. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology, the important roles of long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) in many life activities has attracted extensive attention in various academic circles. The paper elaborated the functions of LncRNA and its roles in the occurrence and development of HCC, and analyzed its potential in diagnosis and treatment of HCC, which is of great significance to both basic and clinical research.