Abstract: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease, which is the common pathological basis of coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular diseases. Nanotechnology has broad application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of AS, but ordinary nanoparticle is easy to be recognized and eliminated by the body as foreign bodies, and is difficult to be targeted and delivered to the lesion. Nano biomimetic technology can not only avoid the immune clearance of the body, but also improve the efficacy and biocompatibility. This paper reviewed the research progress, limitations and prospects of nano biomimetic technology in AS, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AS.