Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) not only has a high incidence rate, but also may lead to pregnancy hypertension, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia and other adverse outcomes for mothers and infants. At present, there is no universal screening and diagnosis method for GDM, and many risk factors can affect the occurrence and development of the disease. This paper reviewed the predictive value of common blood biochemicaltest indexes (blood routine, liver and kidney function, carbohydrate indexes, vitamin D and ferritin) for GDM in early pregnancy, in order to provide a basis for establishing a reasonable prediction model of GDM in early pregnancy, so as to realize early diagnosis, early intervention and improve maternal and infant outcomes.