Objective  To compare the efficacy of different nutrition management schemes in treatment of premature infants after hospital discharge.

  Methods  Premature infants with gestational age < 34 weeks and birth weight < 1 800 g after hospital discharge from July 2019 to June 2020 were prospectively selected as research objects, and they were divided into individualized nutrition group with regular follow up and routine nutrition group without regular follow up. The general data, physical growth status at different ages and neuropsychological development quotient (DQ) at the corrected age of 1 year were compared between the two groups after hospital discharge.

  Results  A total of 114 premature infants after hospital discharge were included in this study, including 65 cases in the individualized nutrition group and 49 cases in the routine nutrition group. There were no significant differences in gender, gestational age, body mass, body length, head circumference, living environment and guardian's education level between the two groups (P>0.05). The weight-for-age Z value (WAZ), length-for-age Z value (LAZ), weight-for-length Z value (WLZ) and head circumference-for-age Z value (HCZ) of premature infants in the individualized nutrition group were significantly higher than those in the routine nutrition group at 1 month, 3, 6 and 12 months of corrected month age (P < 0.05). The DQ of adaptability, big movement, fine movement, language and personal social interaction of nervous system in premature infants of the individualized nutrition group were significantly higher than those in the routine nutrition group at 1 year old of corrected age (P < 0.05).

  Conclusion  Individualized nutritional management for premature infants after hospital discharge is conducive to achieve catch-up growth and reduce the risk of neurodysplasia in later stage.