Abstract: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) has unique advantages in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, and the researches on PELD have become the hot research spots. The three dimensional finite element model has been used to explore the effect of surgery on lumbar biomechanics, which has the advantages of low costs, high efficiency, easy adjustment of experimental scheme and high repeatability, and the research results are of great significance for the guidance of surgical scheme, the evaluation of postoperative lumbar stability, and the stress analysis of postoperative lumbar spine and internal fixation. At present, there are many clinical studies on the application of three dimensional finite element model in PELD, but there are few summary reviews on the above studies. This paper reviewed the three dimensional finite element researches related to PELD, in order to further put forward the scientific research directions with potential research value.