Objective  To investigate the changes of bacterial spectrum and drug resistance in children with acute infectious diarrhea in Shanxi Children′s Hospital in recent years.

  Methods  The changes of bacterial spectrum and drug resistance in fecal culture positive inpatients with infectious diarrhea in Shanxi Children's Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

  Results   The proportion of Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for the most in all the isolated strains from 2014 to 2016. There was no significant difference in gender and season of onset of the main bacterial infections, and the infection mainly occurred in children aged 0 to 1 year. Nontyphoidal Salmonella were the most isolated strains from 2017 to 2019, and there was no significant difference in sex between children with bacterial infection (P > 0.05). The isolation rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was the highest in winter. Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Escherichia coli were the highest in summer and autumn. The positive rates of Nontyphoidal Salmonella were higher in children over one year old. Compared with the period of 2014 to 2016, the resistance of Nontyphoidal Salmonella to ampicillin, ceftazidime and cefotaxime increased significantly in the period of 2017 to 2019. Compared with the period of 2014 to 2016, the resistance of diarrhegenic Escherichia coli to ceftriaxone was significantly increased in the period of 2017 to 2019 (P < 0.05).

  Conclusion   In recent years, the main pathogenic bacteria in children with infectious diarrhea admitted in Shanxi Children′s Hospital is Nontyphoidal Salmonella. The onset age of the children is mostly at 0 to 1 year old, and the onset season is mostly in summer and autumn. The resistance rate of most bacteria to the third generation of cephalosporin antibiotics is increased.