Abstract: In recent years, the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases has been increasing year by year. Coronary heart disease and heart failure have long duration and high mortality rate, which seriously affect the qualities of life of patients. Exercise rehabilitation therapy can effectively improve the qualities of life of patients, and reduce the hospitalization rate and mortality. The effect of exercise rehabilitation on cardiovascular disease is complex, which can bring varying degrees of benefits to patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure. At present, there are many researches on the mechanism of cardiac exercise rehabilitation. In this paper, we summarized the latest research progresses of cardiac rehabilitation from two aspects including cardiovascular adaptation and cardiomyocyte adaptation, in terms of vascular endothelial function, collateral formation, platelet inhibition, myocardial metabolism, myocardial excitation coupled contraction and myocardial electrical remodeling, in order to provide the basis for the rehabilitation treatment of cardiovascular diseases.