Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disease, which has a high risk of transforming into acute myeloid leukemia. In the past, MDS was mainly treated with demethylation drugs and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In recent years, with the development of gene sequencing, some targeted drugs for gene mutation have good prospects in the treatment of MDS. The marketing of venetoclax knew as Bcl-2 inhibitor, immune checkpoint blocker, tomaralimab knew as Toll like receptor antibody, imetelstat knew as telomerase inhibitor, and luspatercept and galunisertib knew as transforming growth factor-β inhibitors make a breakthrough in the treatment of MDS. The ivosidenib (AG-120) and enasidenib (AG-221) knew as inhibitors of isocitrate dehydrogenase are also effective. This study reviewed the individualized treatment of MDS patients.