Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on lung function and blood gas analysis indexes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD). Methods A total of 125 AECOPD patients were randomly divided into observation group(n=63)and control group(n=64). The control group was given basic management in the intensive care unit, and the observation group was given inspiratory muscle function training on the basis of the control group. Lung function, blood gas analysis index, mechanical ventilation time and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia were observed in the two groups. Results After training, the levels of forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV₁), peak inspiratory flow(PIF), maximal voluntary ventilation(MVV)and maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP)in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The arterial partial pressure of oxygen ［p_a(O₂)］ level of the observation group was significantly higher, the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide［p_a(CO₂)］ level was significantly lower, and the mechanical ventilation time was significantly shorter than that of the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(3.17% versus 16.39%, P<0.05). Conclusion Inspiratory muscle training can enhance inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, improve lung function and blood gas level, shorten mechanical ventilation time, and reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia of patients with AECOPD in intensive care unit.