Abstract: Objective To investigate the influence of thyroidectomy on inflammatory indicators and parathyroid hormone(PTH)level in patients with thyroid cancer. Methods A total of 69 cases with thyroid cancer were divided into observation group(n=35)and control group(n=34)according to random number table method. The patients in the control group underwent bilateral total thyroidectomy, while those in the observation group were treated with unilateral total thyroidectomy. The operation-related indicators, inflammatory factors ［interleukin-17(IL-17), interleukin-35(IL-35), γ interferon(IFN-γ)］, and PTH level were compared between the two groups. Results The amount of intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was significantly less, and the duration of operation and hospital stay were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05). Before surgery, there were no significant differences in inflammatory factors and PTH levels between the two groups(P>0.05). Three days after surgery, IL-17 and PTH levels in both groups were lower than those before surgery, IL-17 level in the observation group was significantly lower, and PTH level was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). Three days after the operation, the levels of IL-35 and IFN-γ in the two groups were significantly higher than those before operation, and were also higher in the observation group than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Unilateral total thyroidectomy in the treatment of thyroid cancer can shorten hospital stay and regulate inflammatory indicators of patients, and has less impact on PTH level.