Abstract: Objective To analyze the related high-risk factors of cerebral palsy(CP)in children. Methods A total of 163 CP children in Hunan Children's Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected as study group, and 326 healthy children with physical examination in Outpatient Department at the same time were selected as control group. The questionnaire was used to collect the prenatal, intrapartum and postpartum conditions in both groups. The prenatal, intrapartum and postpartum factors of CP were analyzed by single factor analysis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed on the variables with statistical significance. Meanwhile, chromosomal test of CP children was completed. Results In 163 CP children, 30 cases of chromosome polymorphism were detected, the detection rate of heterochromatin was 18.40%, and among which polymorphism in chromosome 9 was the most(10.43%). Pregnancy age over 35 years old, family history of similar diseases, history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth, history of contact with harmful substances, intrauterine distress, multiple pregnancy and complications were the prenatal factors of CP in children(P<0.05), preterm delivery, asphyxia and dystocia were the intrapartum factors of CP(P<0.05), low birth weight, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and hypoglycemia were the postpartum factors of CP in children(P<0.05), and the independent risk factors of CP in children were pregnant age over 35 years old, family history of CP and similar diseases, multiple pregnancy, comorbidity, premature delivery, neonatal asphyxia and low birth weight(P<0.05). According to the Odds Ratio(OR)value, - the effect of risk factors for CP in children were comorbidity, pregnant age over 35 years old, premature delivery, low birth weight, family history of CP and similar diseases, multiple pregnancy and neonatal asphyxia in decending order of influence power. Conclusion Prenatal factors are the main causes of CP in children, and are also the important causes of diseases during labor and neonatal period. The incidence of CP is related to genetic factors. In clinical practice, we should strengthen the health care and health management for pregnant women, improve the precise gene detection, accurately assess the risk of CP, and reduce the incidence of CP in children by timely implementation of early intervention.