Abstract: Objective To analyze the expression levels and significance of lipopolysaccharide binding protein(LBP)in serum, tissues and serum exosomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC). Methods A total of 60 patients diagnosed as OSCC were selected as observation group, and 60 healthy people with physical examinations were selected as control group. The expression levels of LBP mRNA in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of OSCC patients were compared, and the relationship between the expression levels of LBP mRNA in cancer tissues of OSCC patients and clinical characteristics was analyzed. Serum exosomes and serum LBP expression levels of healthy subjects and OSCC patients were detected, and the relationships between serum LBP expression level and clinical characteristics of OSCC patients as well as between serum exosome LBP expression and clinical characteristics of OSCC patients were analyzed. Results OSBP patients with smoking and alcohol drinking had significantly higher LBP mRNA expression levels(P<0.05); the levels of serum LBP expression of two groups showed significant differences(P<0.05). OSCC patients with lymphatic metastasis and alcohol drinking habits had higher levels of LBP expression in serum exosomes than those without(P<0.05). There were no significant correlations between serum LBP mRNA expression - and TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis, differentiation degree, smoking, drinking and other clinical characteristics(P>0.05). Conclusion The expression level of LBP is correlated with OSCC disease, which can be used as a indicator in diagnosing the disease.