Abstract: Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogens in patients with infectious interstitial pneumonia. Methods Totally 78 patients with infectious interstitial pneumonia were selected. The sputum samples and throat swab samples were cultured and drug sensitivity test was conducted. The distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogens in 78 patients with interstitial pneumonia were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 134 strains of pathogens were detected in 78 patients, including 32 cases of single pathogen infection and 46 cases of multiple pathogen infection. The most common pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria, including 57 strains(42.54%), and 35 strains were mycoplasma pneumoniae(26.12%), 25 strains were Gram-positive bacteria(18.66%), 9 strains were fungus(6.72%), and 8 strains were cytomegalovirus(5.97%). Among the main Gram-negative bacteria, drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were more than 50% resistant to gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, erythrotoxin, aztreonam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to amikacin(16.67%), cefepime(16.67%), imipenem(0%)and meropenem(0%). Haemophilus parainfluenzae was sensitive to cefoperazone/sulbactam(11.76%), amikacin(11.76%), ceftazidime(29.41%), imipenem(0%)and meropenem(0%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was sensitive to amikacin(30.77%), ceftazidime(23.08%), imipenem(0%)and meropenem(0%). Streptococcus pneumoniae of the main Gram-positive bacteria showed high resistance to penicillin G, ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and sensitive to vancomycin(0%)and linezolid(0%). Conclusion Bacterial infection is - the main cause of interstitial pneumonia, followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and antibiotic resistance is common. Understanding the pathogen distribution and drug resistance of interstitial pneumonia has an important guiding significance for clinical medication.