Abstract: Neonatal jaundice is the most common neonatal disease, the prognosis of most children are good, but a few newborns can develop into hyperbilirubinemia, and severe cases can also have acute bilirubin encephalopathy and nuclear jaundice, which can threaten the life safety of newborns. The key procedure to reduce the incidence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy is to prevent the occurrence of severe hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, early prediction and screening of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and risk factors assessment are the focus of research in the department of neonatology. At present, there is still a lack of single factor with high sensitivity in predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and it still needs to be combined with other risk factors for analysis. This study reviewed the risk factors, early predictors and early screening methods of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in order to improve the prevention and treatment effect of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.