Abstract: Objective To explore the value of ultrasound examination of thickness of the translucent tissue in the neck of fetus combined with detection of serological indicators in prenatal screening of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in early pregnancy. Methods A total of 1 855 cases with routine prenatal check-up were selected as research objects, and were performed NT ultrasound examinations and detection of serological indexes. Taking maternal follow-up results as gold standard, the screening results for fetal chromosomal abnormalities by fetal NT ultrasound examination or serological detection alone, and the joint detection were compared. Results All the 1 855 pregnant women completed the study. The follow-up results showed that there were 9 cases with abnormal staining, including 4 cases with abnormity of trisomy 21, 3 cases with abnormity of trisomy 18 and 2 cases with abnormity of trisomy 13. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of fetal NT ultrasound combined with detection of serological indicators in early pregnancy were higher than those of detection of serological indicators or fetal NT ultrasound alone, and the combined test had higher consistency with follow-up results. Conclusion Fetal NT ultrasound examination combined with detection of serological indicators can improve the diagnostic efficacy in prenatal screening of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in early pregnancy.