Abstract: Objective To explore the correlation between disease condition of children with autoimmune encephalitis(AE)and peripheral blood immune indexes as well as erythrocyte immune indexes. Methods Totally 80 AE children were selected as observation group, and 40 healthy children with physical examination were selected as control group. The levels of cellular immune indexes were compared between the two groups, and their correlations with AE were analyzed. Results The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and natural killer cells(NK cells)in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05), and the level of CD8⁺ in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). The erythrocyte immune affinity receptor(FEER), erythrocyte immune factor complex rosette(RBC-ICR), erythrocyte C3b immune receptor rosette(RBC-C3bR), electrophoresis index, aggregation index and rigidity index of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group(P<0.05). Taking AE as independent variable, CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, CD8⁺, NK cells, FEER, RBC-ICR and RBC-C3bR were used as dependent variables. Correlation analysis showed that AE was positively correlated with CD8⁺(r=0.657, P<0.05), and AE was negatively correlated with CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, NK cells, FEER, RBC-ICR and RBC-C3bR cells(r=-0.758, -0.635, -0.768, -0.814, -0.987, -0.765, -0.854, P<0.05). Conclusion There are correlations between peripheral blood immune indexes, erythrocyte immune indexes and disease condition in AE children.