Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of Yishen Huoxue Decoction on levels of serum transforming growth factor-β₁(TGF-β₁)and bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7)in patients with chronic renal failure(CRF)differentiated as syndrome of qi deficiency of spleen and kidney. Methods Totally 120 patients with CRF differentiated as syndrome of qi deficiency of spleen and kidney were randomly divided into study group and control group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with captopril tablets and Shenshuaining Capsules, and the study group was treated with Yishen Huoxue Decoction. The levels of serum TGF-β₁ and BMP-7, score of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the serum TGF-β₁ level in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05), while the serum BMP-7 level was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the score of TCM syndrome in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The total effective rate of the study group was 80.00%, which was significantly higher than 56.67% of the control group(P<0.05). During the course of treatment, no patient had adverse reactions such as fever and allergy. Conclusion Yishen Huoxue Decoction is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with CRF differentiated as syndrome of qi deficiency of spleen and kidney, which can reduce the level of serum TGF-β₁, increase the level of serum BMP-7, and improve the prognosis of patients.