Abstract: Objective To explore clinical effect of directional penetration of Tonifying Kidney and Activating Blood Circulation Recipe in the treatment of chronic low back pain differentiated as kidney deficiency and blood stasis type. Methods A total of 74 cases with chronic low back pain differentiated as kidney deficiency and blood stasis type were divided into control group and observation group. The control group(n=37)was orally taken celecoxib and mecobalamine, while the observation group(n=37)was treated with directional penetration of Tonifying Kidney and Activating Blood Circulation Recipe. The low back pain score of modified Japanese Orthopaedic Society(M-JOA), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)score, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, inflammatory cytokines levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment,and therapeutic effect of two groups was observed. Results The M-JOA score and ODI score of the two groups decreased after treatment, - and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05); after treatment, the item score of TCM syndrome in the two groups was decreased, and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of interleukin-1(IL-1), interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-17(IL-17)in the two groups were all lower than those before treatment, and their levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The total effective rate was 94.59% in the observation group and 75.68% in the control group, there was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical effect of Tonifying Kidney and Activating Blood Circulation Recipe is reliable in the treatment of chronic low back pain differentiated as kidney deficiency and blood stasis type. It can help patients to improve symptoms, relieve low back pain and effectively reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines.