Abstract: Objective To study the short-term effect of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy(PTED)and small-incision interlaminar fenestration(SIIF)in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation(LDH)and their effects on lumbar spine function. Methods According to different methods of nucleus pulposus removal, 124 LDH inpatients were divided into two groups, a total of 62 patients in the control group underwent SIIF surgery and another 62 patients in the study group underwent PTED surgery. The excellent and good rate of operation, operation indexes, lumbar function and the occurrence of surgical complications were observed in the two groups. Results The surgical excellent rate in the study group was 87.10%(54/62), and 82.26%(51/62)in the control group, but there was no significant difference(P>0.05). The surgical incision length and intraoperative blood loss in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group(P<0.05), the operation time and hospital stay of the study group were significantly shorter than those of the control group(P<0.05). The JOA score was increased and the ODI score was reduced in both groups, but the study group changed more significantly in JOA score and ODI score than that of the control group(P<0.05); the incidence of postoperative complications in the study group was 3.23%(2/62), which was significantly lower than 16.13%(10/62)of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Both SIIF and PTED have similar surgical effects in treating LDH, but PTED can significantly improve surgical indexes, restore lumbar function, and reduce incidence of complications.