Abstract: The outer membrane protein(OMPs)of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)is an important part of the outer membrane of bacteria, including lipoprotein, porins, iron-regulated protein, and efflux pump protein. Adhesion is the first step of H. pylori infection and is essential to colonize and obtain pathogenicity. Some OMPs can help H. pylori adhere to gastric mucosa epithelial cells by different receptors to release virulence, which play a role in inducing inflammation, transporting virulence factors such as cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin A, with assistance of mediated bacterial secretion system. These mechanisms have been associated with the occurrence and development of several gastric disorders, such as gastritis, peptic ulceration, and gastric adenocarcinoma. With the deepening of the research on OMPs, the researches on OMPs-related vaccine have gradually become a hotspot and is expected to become an effective way to prevent infection.