Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)combined with paravertebral nerve block on pain and joint function in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Methods A total of 72 elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture were divided into two groups according to treatment methods. The control group was treated with PVP, and the observation group was treated with PVP combined with paravertebral nerve block. The pain degree of two groups in resting and active conditions before operation, at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), and the joint function of two groups at the same time points was evaluated by Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)Scale. Results There were no significant differences in the VAS scores in preoperative resting and active conditions between two groups(P>0.05). The VAS scores of two groups at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after operation in resting and active conditions were significantly lower than those of preoperation(P<0.05), and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in preoperative ODI scores between the two groups(P>0.05). The ODI scores of the two groups at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after - surgery were significantly lower than those of preoperation(P<0.05), and the ODI scores at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery in the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The treatment of PVP combined with paravertebral nerve block can significantly relieve the pain severity of elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and significantly improve joint function.