Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing for patients with retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection of malignant adrenal tumor. Methods A total of 80 patients with malignant adrenal tumor resection were chosen as research objects, and were divided into stady group(n=40)and control group(n=40)by random grouping method. The control group was given routine nursing intervention, while study group adopted rapid rehabilitation nursing. Operation time, postoperative bed-off time, transfusion time, length of hospital stay and hospital costs, the occurrence of postoperative complications, anxiety and depression conditions, and quality of life of two groups were compared. Results The operation time in the study group was slightly lower than that in the control group, but no difference was seen(P>0.05). The study group had significantly shorter postoperative bed-off time, transfusion time, hospitalization time and lower hospitalization cost than the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of complication in the study group was 5.00%, which was significantly lower than 15.00%in the control group(P<0.05). Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)and Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)scores showed no significant differences between the two groups before nursing intervention(P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of HAMA and HAMD in the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of The World Health Organization Quality of Life(WHOQOL-BREF)between the two groups(P>0.05); after nursing intervention, the scores of WHOQOL-BREF in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Application of rapid rehabilitation nursing in patients undergoing retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection of malignant adrenal tumor can not only improve patients' physical and mental state, but also reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.