Abstract: Objective To investigate the comprehensive perioperative care of patients with fast-track anesthesia(FTA)during rectal cancer surgery. Methods Totally 120 patients with elective rectal cancer surgery were randomly divided into two groups, with 60 cases in each group. The FTA group was treated with FTA and perioperative comprehensive care, while the non-FTA group was treated with conventional general anesthesia and nursing measures. Score of Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)in the anesthesia recovery room and 1, 2 and 3 days after operation were compared between two groups. Time in recovery room after operation, activity time to get out of bed, hospital stay, incidence rate of nausea and vomiting and satisfaction degree toward nursing were compared between two groups. Results The VAS scores in the anesthesia recovery room and at 1, 2 and 3 days after surgery in the FTA group were significantly lower than those in the non-FTA group(P<0.05). The duration in the recovery room, activity time to get out of bed, hospital stay and incidence rate of nausea and vomiting were significantly shorter and lower in FTA group than non-FTA group(P<0.05). The satisfaction degree toward nursing in FTA group was 96.7%, which was significantly higher than 80.0% of non-FTA group(P<0.05). Conclusion Implementation of comprehensive perioperative care measures in patients with radical rectal cancer treatment can improve the success rate of FTA, reduce postoperative pain degree and the incidence rate of nausea and vomiting, and improve the quality of postoperative recovery of patients.