Abstract: Objective To investigate the accuracy of morphology of gastric mucosa by gastroscopy in the judgment of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection. Methods Clinical materials of 170 patients with gastroscopy were retrospective analyzed. The doctors who judged Hp infection of gastric mucosa by visual examination during gastroscopy were divided into senior qualification doctors, middle qualification doctors and junior qualification doctors, who were respectively responsible for gastroscopy of 80, 50 and 40 patients. Taking the results of ¹³C Exhale Test as the gold standard, the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of gastroscopy in the examination of morphology of gastric mucosa for judgment of Hp infection were evaluated. The differences of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of gastroscopy in the examination of morphology of gastric mucosa for judgment of Hp infection among senior qualification doctors, middle qualification doctors and junior qualification doctors were analyzed. Results The accuracy of morphology of gastric mucosa by gastroscopy in the judgment of Hp infection was 82.94%(141/170), the specificity was 72.50%(29/40), and the sensitivity was 86.15%(112/130). The accuracy and sensitivity of Hp infection judged by senior qualification doctors were significantly higher than those by middle qualification doctors, and the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of Hp infection judged by senior qualification doctors were significantly higher than those by junior qualification doctors(P<0.05). Conclusion The accuracy of gastroscopy in the examination of morphology of gastric mucosa for judgment of Hp infection is high, and to a certain degree, it is affected by the experience of diagnostic physicians.