Abstract: Objective To investigate the bone mineral density(BMD)of physical examination population in Shenyang City and analyze its related factors. Methods A total of 1 138 people who had physical examination in our hospital were selected as research objects. The hand bone was measured by ultrasonic bone densitometer, and the general data such as blood routine, liver and kidney function, blood lipid level, blood glucose, blood pressure, age, medical history were collected. Results There were 204 cases with osteoporosis, with the prevalence rate of 17.9%(204/1 138). With the increase of age, the detection rate of osteoporosis increased gradually. When the patients aged ≥ 50 years, the osteoporosis rate was 19.0%(74/389)in males, and 35.9%(88/245)in females. There was a significant difference in osteoporosis rate between male and female(P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age, systolic blood pressure, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B were all statistically significant(P<0.05); the results of Logistic regression analysis showed that aging and higher level of alkaline phosphatase were independent risk factors of osteoporosis(P< 0.05). Conclusion Aging and higher level of alkaline phosphatase are important risk factors of osteoporosis in Shenyang City.